As a case study, we consider the massive protests in Chile that began in October 2019. In this article, we propose to analyze the installation of the political agenda of the Chilean far-right through Twitter as an actor from the “resistance” and the defense of the State and order. Rather, it represents the continuation of the top-down approach of populism in public communication.” According to Waisbord and Amado ( 2017), “Twitter does not present profound changes in populist presidential communication.
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Thus, today, governments worldwide use social networks such as Twitter to install and promote populism (Manfredi-Sánchez et al. Moreover, populist movements and political extremes manifested outside Twitter are replicated and reinforced in this social network (Torregrosa et al. Precisely, it emerges as an exciting mediation possibility, part of the far-right repertory.Īlthough Twitter (as well as other online social networks) invests millions of dollars in the problem of detecting hate speech (Zhang and Luo 2019), this is still an open problem (Al-Hassan and Al-Dossari 2019) that affects local politics in most countries in the world (Jaki and Smedt 2019 Çöltekin 2020).
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2019).Ĭoncerning strategies, we saw an update in discourse production because of new technologies that promote the new key actors, digital opinion leaders, who can or cannot, goes beyond traditional politics and dispute public agenda in another way, quicker, more emotive, and straightforward (de Roca et al. For this, they usually resort to simplification, disinformation, and polarization of the discourse (Tucker et al.
These communication strategies not only seek to support specific ideas but also to the detriment of others. Astroturf has spread in traditional media and online social networks, especially those focused on the rapid viralization of news or ideas, such as the microblogging network Twitter (Keller et al. The objective is to install ideas that seem spontaneous, as if they were born from a strong relationship with the social environment. When a hate and disinformation campaign emerges in a coordinated and not spontaneous way, it is usually associated with the phenomenon of astroturfing. In the political sphere, these practices emerge on social networks explosively and fleetingly, through the coordination of bot and particular purpose accounts, especially in times of social crisis and electoral campaigns.
However, platforms originally created to democratize information are currently a target of various problems that threaten democracy, such as hate speech (Castaño-Pulgarín et al. Internet and online social networks are diverse and almost immediate sources of information. This coordination also presents identifiable differences in how opinion leaders interact and communicate with their network environment. Through descriptive, quantitative, and qualitative techniques, an explicit political action “from the resistance” is revealed in the activity of the network, which includes hundreds of new users and coordinated bots to disseminate identifiable discourses with strongly ideological ideas. For nine months, we studied five opinion leaders on Twitter from the Chilean far-right, who together have more than 600 thousand followers and almost 130 thousand followings. For the above, a social network analysis approach is proposed during the current socio-political crisis in Chile, which began with the massive protests of October 2019 and led to an unprecedented constituent process. This article seeks to verify the use of these strategies by the Chilean far-right on Twitter.
These strategies include the massive creation of bots on social networks to spread hate speech and coordinate ideological manifestations. Currently, various far-right movements worldwide seem to appropriate this concept, employing radical communication strategies as a repertoire to contest the public agenda. The concept of “politics of the end” assumes the catastrophe of living in a world that produces new forms of accumulation and allows symbolic and semiotic capital to create value.
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